《中国蓝图•世界机遇》| 生态文明新篇章开启美丽中国新画卷
编者按：随着中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会的胜利召开，中国未来五年的发展规划已清晰地展现在世人面前。为进一步向世界阐述新时代中国的发展蓝图，CGTN特推出二十大最新思想解读《中国蓝图·世界机遇》系列。此篇为该系列第五篇，主题为“生态文明建设”。
Editor's note: China has clearly demonstrated its development blueprint for the next five years at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in October 2022. To further elucidate the plan to the world, CGTN has created the "China Blueprint: Opportunities for the World" series. This is the fifth piece on China's ecological conservation.
习近平总书记在中共二十大报告中指出，要以“中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴”。在中国式现代化中，生态文明建设具有基础性和战略性地位。“人与自然和谐共生”的现代化，既是中国式现代化的基本特征之一，也体现在中国式现代化的本质要求和目标中。
In his report to the 20th Communist Party of China (CPC) National Congress, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, highlighted the task of “advancing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through a Chinese path to modernization.” Ecological conservation plays a fundamental and strategic role in this. The modernization of “harmony between humanity and nature” is one of the basic features of the Chinese path to modernization and is also reflected in its essential requirements and goals.
生态文明的实质，就是不再走过去“先污染、后治理”的老路，通过转变发展理念和发展方式，实现环境与发展之间的相互促进，最终实现人与自然和谐共生。
At the heart of ecological conservation in China lies the tenet of avoiding the old path of “economic development comes before controlling environmental pollution” and pushing for mutually reinforcing relations between the environment and development by changing the philosophy and model of development, so as to ultimately achieve the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
生态文明思想，是中国共产党长期探索可持续现代化的智慧结晶，也根源于中国悠久的文化传统。不同于工业革命后西方社会倚靠强大技术征服自然的人类中心主义，中国自古就有“天人合一”、“道法自然”的传统智慧，强调要尊重、保护和顺应自然。中国的传统文化也不将单纯的物质财富作为美好生活的首要追求目标。
The very idea of promoting ecological progress is the insight of the Communist Party of China in its long quest for sustainable modernization, and is rooted in China's long-standing cultural traditions. Unlike the anthropocentrism of Western society that relied on powerful technology to conquer nature after the Industrial Revolution, China has been upholding the traditional wisdom of “harmony between man and nature” since ancient times, emphasizing the need to respect nature, follow its laws, and protect it. Traditional Chinese culture does not regard mere material wealth as the primary goal of a good life.
在对环境与发展关系的认识上，中国走过了一条艰辛的探索之路。十年前，中国的环境污染问题还十分严重，包括北京在内的一些中国大城市，经常出现严重的雾霾天气。土壤和水污染引发的食品安全问题，也严重威胁人民群众的健康。
China has travelled an arduous road of discovery in its understanding of the relationship between environment and development. Ten years ago, China faced serious environmental pollution, with some of its major cities, including Beijing, often experiencing severe smog. Food safety issues caused by soil and water pollution were also a serious threat to people's health.
中共十八大之后，中国对生态文明建设的认识出现重大转变，提出了“绿水青山就是金山银山”的治理理念，并将生态文明建设提高到前所未有的战略高度。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has made a major shift in its understanding of ecological conservation. The concept of lucid waters and lush mountains as invaluable assets was put forward, catapulting the task of ecological conservation to an unprecedented strategic height.
中国采取了前所未有的环境治理和生态修复专项行动，包括污染防治攻坚战、水环境治理、土壤治理、农业面源污染治理、长江大保护战略、生态红线、国家公园、清洁能源、节能减排等等。2020年9月，习近平总书记在联合国大会向全世界宣布，“中国将提高国家自主贡献力度，采取更加有力的政策和措施，二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和”。2021年9月，习近平总书记在同样场合再次强调,“中国将力争2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和”，这极大提振了全球应对气候变化的信心。
China has taken unprecedented special actions for environmental governance and ecological restoration, including the battle against pollution, water and soil governance, agricultural non-point source pollution control, Yangtze River protection strategy, ecological “red lines,” national parks, clean energy, energy conservation and emission reduction, etc. In September 2020, Xi announced at the United Nations General Assembly that “China will scale up its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions by adopting more vigorous policies and measures. China will strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.” In September 2021, Xi stressed again at the same venue that “China will strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.” This has greatly boosted global confidence in tackling climate change.
美丽中国建设迈出重大步伐
Major strides towards building a beautiful China
过去十年，中国生态环境保护发生历史性、转折性、全局性变化，我们的祖国天更蓝、山更绿、水更清。美丽中国建设迈出重大步伐。根据生态环境部数据，过去十年中国I-III类优良水体断面比例提升23.3个百分点，达到84.9%。国控入海河流I-III类水质断面比例上升25个百分点，达到71.7%。
Over the past decade, China’s environmental protection endeavors have seen sweeping, historic and transformative changes, resulting in bluer skies, greener mountains and cleaner water in our homeland. A major step has been taken in building a beautiful China. According to the data from China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the proportion of Grade I-III water sections in China has increased by 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent over the past decade. The proportion of Grade I-III water sections in state-monitored rivers entering the sea rose by 25 percentage points to 71.7 percent.
2021年，中国空气质量优良天数比率达到87.5%。土壤污染风险得到有效管控，实现了固体废物“零进口”的目标。自然保护地面积占全国陆域国土面积比例达到18%。过去十年，中国能源消费的增量，有2/3来自于清洁能源。全国单位GDP二氧化碳排放下降了34.4%，煤炭在一次能源消费中的占比从68.5%下降到了56%。
In 2021, the percentage of days with good air quality in China reached 87.5 percent. Soil pollution risks were effectively controlled, and the goal of “zero import” of solid waste was achieved. The area of nature reserves accounts for 18 percent of China's land area. Over the past decade, two-thirds of China's incremental energy consumption has come from clean energy. National carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP fell by 34.4 percent, and the share of coal in primary energy consumption dropped from 68.5 percent to 56 percent.
更令人振奋的是，在代表未来全球竞争力的绿色经济和绿色技术创新方面，中国在很多领域已处于世界第一方阵。中国可再生能源开发利用规模、新能源汽车产销量都稳居世界第一，在全球具有领先优势。
What is more exciting is that in terms of the green economy and green technology innovation, which represent future global competitiveness, China leads the world when it comes to the scale of renewable energy development and utilization, as well as the production and sales of new energy vehicles.
因此，过去十年，中国实质上突破了工业革命后西方国家确立的“先污染、后治理”的传统发展理念和模式，探索出一条环境与发展相互促进的新发展范式，为建设美丽中国提供了有力保障。
Therefore, over the past decade, China has essentially broken away from the traditional development philosophy and model of "economic development comes before controlling environmental pollution" as were established by Western countries after the Industrial Revolution, and explored a new development paradigm in which environment and development are mutually reinforcing, providing a strong support for building a beautiful China.
谱写生态文明建设新华章
A new chapter in China's ecological conservation endeavors
二十大报告对生态文明建设做出了新的战略部署，全面开启了生态文明建设新篇章。在战略层面，作为中国式现代化的重要特征、内在要求和重要目标的生态文明建设，将全面融入中国经济社会发展的战略和行动中。
Xi Jinping's report to the 20th CPC National Congress has made a new strategic plan for ecological conservation and opened a new chapter in China’s ecological conservation endeavors on all fronts. At the strategic level, ecological conservation, which is an important feature, an intrinsic requirement and an important goal of the Chinese path to modernization, will be fully integrated into the strategies and actions for promoting China’s economic and social development.
二十大报告进一步从绿色转型、污染治理、生态保护、气候变化等方面进行了战略部署，尤其是强调要“协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，推进生态优先、节约集约、绿色低碳发展。”这实质上就是要在新发展理念下，形成环境与发展之间相互促进的关系，以及“降碳、减污、扩绿”之间的协调关系。这是过去发达国家现代化也没有实现过的目标。
Xi’s report has taken a step further by setting out strategies on green transformation, pollution control, ecological protection and climate change. In particular, it says that "we will carry out coordinated industrial restructuring, pollution control, ecological conservation, and climate response, and we will promote concerted efforts to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, expand green development, and pursue economic growth." In essence, this means that under the new development philosophy, a mutually reinforcing relationship between environment and development, as well as a coordinated relationship between cutting carbon emissions, reducing pollution, and expanding green development shall be built. This is a goal that even modernization in developed countries has failed to achieve in the past.
如果说工业革命是发达工业化国家的重大机遇，那么生态文明建设，就是中国面临的新的历史机遇。中国必将会以“人与自然和谐共生”的方式实现中国式现代化，从而实现中华民族的伟大复兴，为全球共同繁荣贡献中国力量。
If the Industrial Revolution is a major opportunity for developed and industrialized countries, then ecological conservation endeavors offer a new historical opportunity for China. China will surely go down its own path to modernization in a way that is in harmony with nature, thus achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and contributing to the common prosperity of the world.
（中国社会科学院生态文明研究所所长张永生）
(Contributed by Zhang Yongsheng, director of the Research Institute for Eco-civilization at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.）